210 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
210 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
# button
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## break down of html
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Let's break down the html
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```html
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<body>
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<button type="button" class="button">Click me!</button>
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</body>
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```
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You first add the button element, which consists of an opening and closing tag
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```html
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<button> and closing </button>
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```
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- The type="button" attribute in the opening button tag explicitly creates a clickable button. Since this particular button is not used for submitting a form, it is useful for semantic reasons to add it in order to make the code clearer and not trigger any unwanted actions.
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- The class="button" attribute will be used to style the button in a separate CSS file. The value button could be any other name you choose. For example you could have used class="btn".
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- The text Click me! is the visible text inside the button.
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## styling button
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```css
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* {
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box-sizing: border-box;
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}
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body {
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display:flex;
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justify-content: center;
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align-items: center;
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margin:50px auto;
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}
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.button {
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position: absolute;
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top:50%
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}
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```
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The default styling of buttons will vary depending on the browser
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The code from above will result in the following:
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![[button 1.png|500]]
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### How to Change the Default Styling of Buttons
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for each option add to class or id
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#### for background color
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```css
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background-color:#0a0a23;
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```
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#### for text color
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```css
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color: #fff;
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```
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### Change the Border Style of Buttons
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#### border color
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```css
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border-color: #fff;
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```
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#### having border or not
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```css
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border: none;
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```
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![[button2.png|500]]
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#### round-up the edges of the button
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```css
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border-radius:10px;
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```
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![[button3.png|500]]
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#### slight dark shadow effect around the button
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```css
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box-shadow: 0px 0px 2px 2px rgb(0,0,0);
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```
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![[button4.png|500]]
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## Change the Size of Buttons
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# unsorted
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The way to create more space inside the button's borders is to increase the `padding` of the button.
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Below I added a value of 15px for the top, bottom, right, and left padding of the button.
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I also set a minimum height and width, with the `min-height` and `min-width` properties respectively. Buttons need to be large enough for all different kind of devices.
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```css
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.button {
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position: absolute;
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top:50%;
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background-color:#0a0a23;
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color: #fff;
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border:none;
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border-radius:10px;
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padding:15px;
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min-height:30px;
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min-width: 120px;
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}
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```
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## How to Style Button States
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Buttons have three different states:
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- `:hover`
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- `:focus`
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- `:active`
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It's best that the three states are styled differently and don't share the same styles.
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In the following sections I'll give a brief explanation on what each one of the states mean and what triggers them. You'll also see some ways you can style the button for each separate state.
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### How to Style `:hover` States
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The `:hover` state becomes present when a user hovers over a button, by bringing their mouse or trackpad over it, without selecting it or clicking on it.
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To change the button's styles when you hover over it, use the `:hover` CSS
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pseudoclass selector.
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A common change to make with `:hover` is switching the background-color of the button.
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To make the change less sudden, pair `:hover` with the `transition` property.
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The `transition` property will help make the _transition_ from no state to a `:hover` state much smoother.
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The change of background color will happen a bit slower than it would without the `transition` property. This will also help make the end result less jarring for the user.
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```css
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.button:hover {
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background-color:#002ead;
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transition: 0.7s;
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}
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```
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In the example above, I used a Hex color code value to make the background color a lighter shade for when I hover over the button.
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With the help of the `transition` property I also caused a delay of `0.7s` when the transition from no state to a `:hover` state happens. This caused a slower transition from the original `#0a0a23` background color to the `#002ead` background color.
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Keep in mind that the `:hover` pseudoclass does not work for mobile device screens and mobile apps. Choose to use hover effects only for desktop web applications and not touch screens.
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### How to Style `:focus` States
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The `:focus` state takes effect for keyboard users - specifically it will activate when you focus on a button by hitting the `Tab` key (`⇥`).
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If you're following along, when you focus on the button after pressing the `Tab` key, you'll see the following:
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Notice the slight light blue outline around the button when it's gained focus?
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Browsers have default styling for the `:focus` pseudoclass, for accessibility keyboard navigation purposes. It's not a good idea to remove that `outline` altogether.
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You can however create custom styles for it and make it easily detectable.
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A way to do so is by setting the outline color to first be `transparent`.
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Following that, you can maintain the `outline-style` to `solid`. Lastly, using the `box-shadow` property, you can add a color of your liking for when the element is focused on:
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```css
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.button:focus {
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outline-color: transparent;
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outline-style:solid;
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box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #5a01a7;
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}
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```
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You can also again pair these styles with the `transition` property, depending on the effect you want to achieve:
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```css
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.button:focus {
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outline-color: transparent;
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outline-style:solid;
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box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #5a01a7;
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transition: 0.7s;
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}
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```
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### How to Style for the `:active` State
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The `:active` state gets _activated_ when you click on the button by either clicking the computer's mouse or pressing down on the laptop's trackpad.
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That being said, look at what happens when I click the button after I've applied and kept the styles for the `:hover` and `:focus` states:
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The `:hover` state styles are applied before clicking when I hover over the button.
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The `:focus` state styles are applied also, because when a button is clicked it also gains a `:focus` state alongside an `:active` one.
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However, keep in mind that they are _not_ the same thing.
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`:focus` state is when an element is being focused on and `:active` is when a user `clicks` on an element by holding and pressing down on it.
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To change the style for when a user clicks a button, apply styles to the `:active` CSS pseudoselector.
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In this case, I've changed the background color of the button when a user clicks on it
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```css
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.button:active {
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background-color: #ffbf00;
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}
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```
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